小朋友頭蝨處理
小時候也有生過頭蝨
倒是沒有被禁止上學
Head Lice: Everything You Need to Know
Head lice have low contagion in classrooms, and infected children should not be restricted from school attendance.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has released a revised clinical report on the management of head lice. It contains a great deal of practical information, including the following highlights:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
* Lice are common in children aged 3 to 12 years (estimates range from 6 to 12 million cases per year in the U.S.).
* Empty egg casings or nits are easier to see than viable eggs on darker hair because they are whiter.
* Itching may not develop for 4 to 6 weeks after eggs hatch.
* "Lice cannot hop or fly; they crawl."
DIAGNOSIS
* Use of a louse comb facilitates detection of head lice.
* Children should not be sent home from school on the day of diagnosis because they have likely been infected for >1 month and pose little risk to others.
* Children who have had "head-to-head" contact with index cases should be checked.
* Although the intent of a properly worded letter from school is to encourage parents to check their children for lice at home, some experts believe letters cause unnecessary angst among parents.
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
* Infected children should not be restricted from school attendance. Head lice have low contagion in classrooms.
* The AAP and the National Association of School Nurses discourage a no-nit policy because it is not based on science.
* Head-lice screening programs have not proven effective.
TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
* Permethrin 1% (Nix) or pyrethrins (Rid, A-200, Pronto) are preferred treatments in communities where resistance has not been reported. Retreatment 9 days after initial therapy is recommended with both products.
* Manual removal of nits immediately after treatment is not necessary.
* Providing parents with instruction in the proper use of any treatment is critical.
* Alternative treatments include:
— Malathion 0.5% (Ovide); for children ≥2 years
— Benzyl alcohol 5% (Ulesfia); for children >6 months
— Permethrin 5% (Elimite); for infants as young as 2 months
— Other treatments that require further evaluation include crotamiton 10% (Eurax), oral ivermectin (Stromectol; for children who weigh ≥15 kg), oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra), herbal products, occlusive agents (e.g., petrolatum shampoo), and desiccation
Comment: I vividly remember the call from my wife to inform me that our son had lice. He had short hair and permethrin did the trick, but the school had a no-nit policy and he was not allowed to return to school for 3 days — unnecessary policies according to current AAP recommendations. I suspect that many pediatricians must "negotiate" with families and schools about the best way to proceed when a child has lice. In addition to this report, the National Pediculosis Association website is an excellent source of information.
— Howard Bauchner, MD
Published in Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine August 25, 2010
Citation(s):
Frankowski BL et al. Head lice. Pediatrics 2010 Aug; 126:392.
* Original article (Subscription may be required)
* Medline abstract (Free)
倒是沒有被禁止上學
Head Lice: Everything You Need to Know
Head lice have low contagion in classrooms, and infected children should not be restricted from school attendance.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has released a revised clinical report on the management of head lice. It contains a great deal of practical information, including the following highlights:
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
* Lice are common in children aged 3 to 12 years (estimates range from 6 to 12 million cases per year in the U.S.).
* Empty egg casings or nits are easier to see than viable eggs on darker hair because they are whiter.
* Itching may not develop for 4 to 6 weeks after eggs hatch.
* "Lice cannot hop or fly; they crawl."
DIAGNOSIS
* Use of a louse comb facilitates detection of head lice.
* Children should not be sent home from school on the day of diagnosis because they have likely been infected for >1 month and pose little risk to others.
* Children who have had "head-to-head" contact with index cases should be checked.
* Although the intent of a properly worded letter from school is to encourage parents to check their children for lice at home, some experts believe letters cause unnecessary angst among parents.
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS
* Infected children should not be restricted from school attendance. Head lice have low contagion in classrooms.
* The AAP and the National Association of School Nurses discourage a no-nit policy because it is not based on science.
* Head-lice screening programs have not proven effective.
TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
* Permethrin 1% (Nix) or pyrethrins (Rid, A-200, Pronto) are preferred treatments in communities where resistance has not been reported. Retreatment 9 days after initial therapy is recommended with both products.
* Manual removal of nits immediately after treatment is not necessary.
* Providing parents with instruction in the proper use of any treatment is critical.
* Alternative treatments include:
— Malathion 0.5% (Ovide); for children ≥2 years
— Benzyl alcohol 5% (Ulesfia); for children >6 months
— Permethrin 5% (Elimite); for infants as young as 2 months
— Other treatments that require further evaluation include crotamiton 10% (Eurax), oral ivermectin (Stromectol; for children who weigh ≥15 kg), oral sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (Septra), herbal products, occlusive agents (e.g., petrolatum shampoo), and desiccation
Comment: I vividly remember the call from my wife to inform me that our son had lice. He had short hair and permethrin did the trick, but the school had a no-nit policy and he was not allowed to return to school for 3 days — unnecessary policies according to current AAP recommendations. I suspect that many pediatricians must "negotiate" with families and schools about the best way to proceed when a child has lice. In addition to this report, the National Pediculosis Association website is an excellent source of information.
— Howard Bauchner, MD
Published in Journal Watch Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine August 25, 2010
Citation(s):
Frankowski BL et al. Head lice. Pediatrics 2010 Aug; 126:392.
* Original article (Subscription may be required)
* Medline abstract (Free)
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